一、建立工程
首先，我們需要建立一個(gè)新的VBA項(xiàng)目，打開(kāi)Visual Basic Editor，按下ALT+F11，在彈出的窗口中選擇“插入”－“模塊”，即可新建一個(gè)空的模塊。
Sub TraverseFolders()
End Sub二、定義變量
在Sub過(guò)程中，我們可以定義多個(gè)變量，變量名可以自由命名，但類(lèi)型需要定義為“String”或“Variant”，這里定義了一個(gè)主文件夾路徑MainFolder，以及ListObject對(duì)象tbl用于存儲(chǔ)所有文件路徑。
Sub TraverseFolders()
Dim MainFolder As String
Dim tbl As ListObject
End Sub三、定義ListObject表格
ListObject表格是一種強(qiáng)大的表格功能，擁有各種排序、篩選、格式控制功能等等。這里我們定義一個(gè)新的表格，命名為“FileList”，將表頭設(shè)置為“File Name”和“Path”，并將其填充至工作表的A1單元格。
Sub TraverseFolders()
Dim MainFolder As String
Dim tbl As ListObject
Set tbl = ActiveSheet.ListObjects.Add(xlSrcRange, Range("A1:B1"), , xlYes)
tbl.Name = "FileList"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 1).Value = "File Name"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Path"
End Sub四、定義遞歸過(guò)程
遞歸是一種經(jīng)典的程序設(shè)計(jì)思路，用于處理一些可分解為多個(gè)子問(wèn)題的問(wèn)題，比如樹(shù)形數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、文件夾中的文件等等。這里我們定義一個(gè)子過(guò)程TraverseSubfolders，它接受兩個(gè)參數(shù)，FolderPath表示當(dāng)前文件夾路徑，tbl表示傳入的ListObject表格。
Sub TraverseFolders()
Dim MainFolder As String
Dim tbl As ListObject
Set tbl = ActiveSheet.ListObjects.Add(xlSrcRange, Range("A1:B1"), , xlYes)
tbl.Name = "FileList"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 1).Value = "File Name"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Path"
TraverseSubfolders MainFolder, tbl
End Sub
Sub TraverseSubfolders(FolderPath As String, tbl As ListObject)
End Sub五、遍歷文件夾并加載子文件夾
在TraverseSubfolders過(guò)程中，我們需要使用VBA內(nèi)置函數(shù)FileSystemObject（FSO）來(lái)處理文件夾和文件。首先，我們需要在過(guò)程開(kāi)始時(shí)判斷指定路徑是否為文件夾，如果是，則遍歷文件夾內(nèi)所有文件并添加到ListObject表格中，否則遞歸處理子文件夾。注意，在遞歸過(guò)程中需要先處理所有的子文件夾才能處理當(dāng)前文件夾。
Sub TraverseFolders()
Dim MainFolder As String
Dim tbl As ListObject
Set tbl = ActiveSheet.ListObjects.Add(xlSrcRange, Range("A1:B1"), , xlYes)
tbl.Name = "FileList"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 1).Value = "File Name"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Path"
TraverseSubfolders MainFolder, tbl
End Sub
Sub TraverseSubfolders(FolderPath As String, tbl As ListObject)
Dim fso As FileSystemObject
Set fso = New FileSystemObject
Dim folder As Folder
Set folder = fso.GetFolder(FolderPath)
Dim file As File
For Each file In folder.Files
Dim newRow As ListRow
Set newRow = tbl.ListRows.Add
newRow.Range.Cells(1, 1).Value = file.Name
newRow.Range.Cells(1, 2).Value = file.Path
Next
Dim subFolder As Folder
For Each subFolder In folder.SubFolders
TraverseSubfolders subFolder.Path, tbl
Next
End Sub六、完整代碼
Sub TraverseFolders()
Dim MainFolder As String
Dim tbl As ListObject
Set tbl = ActiveSheet.ListObjects.Add(xlSrcRange, Range("A1:B1"), , xlYes)
tbl.Name = "FileList"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 1).Value = "File Name"
tbl.HeaderRowRange.Cells(1, 2).Value = "Path"
TraverseSubfolders MainFolder, tbl
End Sub
Sub TraverseSubfolders(FolderPath As String, tbl As ListObject)
Dim fso As FileSystemObject
Set fso = New FileSystemObject
Dim folder As Folder
Set folder = fso.GetFolder(FolderPath)
Dim file As File
For Each file In folder.Files
Dim newRow As ListRow
Set newRow = tbl.ListRows.Add
newRow.Range.Cells(1, 1).Value = file.Name
newRow.Range.Cells(1, 2).Value = file.Path
Next
Dim subFolder As Folder
For Each subFolder In folder.SubFolders
TraverseSubfolders subFolder.Path, tbl
Next
End Sub七、總結(jié)
我們通過(guò)使用VBA內(nèi)置的FileSystemObject對(duì)象，在遍歷文件夾中的所有文件時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)了遞歸遍歷所有子文件夾的功能，將所有文件名和路徑存儲(chǔ)在ListObject表格中。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，我們可以進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展這個(gè)功能，比如篩選指定類(lèi)型的文件、添加文件屬性和標(biāo)簽、自動(dòng)處理重復(fù)文件等等。
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