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在Flutter中，打開鍵盤后，我們可能希望底部的內容不被覆蓋。Flutter提供了一些方法來實現這一點。下面將從多個方面詳細闡述如何使用Flutter實現鍵盤頂起底部的效果。

一、使用SingleChildScrollView

使用SingleChildScrollView可以讓底部內容在鍵盤彈出時自動滾動到可見區域。我們只需要將底部內容包裹在SingleChildScrollView中，并在頁面初始化時獲得一個GlobalKey，然后在鍵盤彈出后通過該GlobalKey定位到bottom widget的位置，再通過動畫滾動到該位置。

class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MyWidgetState createState() => _MyWidgetState();
}

class _MyWidgetState extends State {
  final GlobalKey _bottomWidgetKey = GlobalKey();

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: SingleChildScrollView(
        child: Column(
          children: [
            // other widgets
            Container(
              key: _bottomWidgetKey,
              child: // bottom widget
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("Keyboard"),
      ),
      floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
        onPressed: () {
          // Show the keyboard
          FocusScope.of(context).requestFocus(FocusNode());
        },
        child: Icon(Icons.add),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    final BottomWidgetRenderBox =
        _bottomWidgetKey.currentContext.findRenderObject() as RenderBox;
    SchedulerBinding.instance!.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
      Future.delayed(const Duration(milliseconds: 300)).then((_) {
        final RenderBox keyboard =
            context.findRenderObject() as RenderBox;
        final keyboardHeight = keyboard.size.height;
        final heightDiff =
            keyboardHeight - (MediaQuery.of(context).viewInsets.bottom);
        final double offsetY =
            heightDiff > 0 ? -(BottomWidgetRenderBox.size.height + heightDiff) : 0;
        if (offsetY != 0) {
          _controller.animateTo(
              _controller.offset + offsetY,
              duration: new Duration(milliseconds: 300),
              curve: Curves.easeOut);
        }
      });
    });
  }
}



二、使用ListView
如果你希望底部內容可以滾動，我們可以使用ListView。ListView將自動在鍵盤彈出時滾動到底部，并且可以讓用戶滾動以查看所有內容。
class MyWidget extends StatelessWidget {
  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      body: Column(
        children: [
          Expanded(
            child: ListView(
              children: [
                // other widgets
                // bottom widget
              ],
            ),
          ),
          // input widget
        ],
      ),
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("ListView"),
      ),
    );
  }
}


三、使用Stack和AnimatedPositioned
使用Stack和AnimatedPositioned可以在鍵盤彈出時自動調整底部內容的位置，使其不被鍵盤遮擋。我們可以將輸入框作為Stack的子元素，然后將底部內容作為Stack的第二個子元素。在鍵盤彈出時，我們可以使用AnimatedPositioned調整第二個子元素的位置。
class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MyWidgetState createState() => _MyWidgetState();
}

class _MyWidgetState extends State {
  GlobalKey _globalKey = GlobalKey();

  double _bottom = 0;

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      resizeToAvoidBottomInset: false,
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("Stack and AnimatedPositioned"),
      ),
      body: Stack(
        children: [
          Positioned(
            top: 0,
            bottom: 0,
            left: 0,
            right: 0,
            child: GestureDetector(
              onTap: () => FocusScope.of(context).requestFocus(FocusNode()),
              child: Container(
                color: Colors.white,
                child: SingleChildScrollView(
                  child: Column(
                    key: _globalKey,
                    children: [
                      // other widgets
                      Container(
                        height: 800,
                      ),
                    ],
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
          AnimatedPositioned(
            duration: Duration(milliseconds: 300),
            bottom: _bottom,
            left: 0,
            right: 0,
            child: Container(
              color: Colors.lightBlue,
              height: 140,
              child: Center(
                child: GestureDetector(
                  onTap: () {
                    FocusScope.of(context).requestFocus(FocusNode());
                  },
                  child: Text(
                    "Input",
                    style: TextStyle(
                      fontSize: 30,
                      color: Colors.white,
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ),
        ],
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    final RenderBox renderBoxRed = _globalKey.currentContext.findRenderObject() as RenderBox;
    WidgetsBinding.instance!.addPostFrameCallback((_) {
      double height = renderBoxRed.size.height;
      double screenHeight = MediaQuery.of(context).size.height;
      double diff = screenHeight - height;
      setState(() {
        _bottom = diff;
      });
    });
  }
}


四、結合SingleChildScrollView和Stack
我們也可以結合ScrollView和Stack來實現鍵盤頂起底部的效果。具體操作是將輸入框與底部內容放置在Stack中，并將Stack放置在SingleChildScrollView中。當鍵盤彈出時，可以與第一種方法類似地通過AnimationController將底部內容滑動到屏幕中央。
class MyWidget extends StatefulWidget {
  @override
  _MyWidgetState createState() => _MyWidgetState();
}

class _MyWidgetState extends State
    with SingleTickerProviderStateMixin {
  double _offset = 0.0;

  bool _isKeyboardShowing = false;

  late final AnimationController _controller = AnimationController(
      duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 200), vsync: this);

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      resizeToAvoidBottomInset: false,
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("Stack and SingleChildScrollView"),
      ),
      body: SingleChildScrollView(
        child: Stack(
          children: [
            Column(
              children: [
                Container(
                  height: 800,
                ),
              ],
            ),
            Positioned(
              bottom: _offset,
              left: 0,
              right: 0,
              child: Container(
                color: Colors.lightBlue,
                height: 140,
                child: Center(
                  child: GestureDetector(
                    onTap: () {
                      FocusScope.of(context).requestFocus(FocusNode());
                    },
                    child: Text(
                      "Input",
                      style: TextStyle(
                        fontSize: 30,
                        color: Colors.white,
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  @override
  void initState() {
    super.initState();
    _controller.addListener(() {
      setState(() {
        _offset =
            MediaQuery.of(context).viewInsets.bottom * _controller.value;
      });
    });
    _controller.addStatusListener((status) {
      if (status == AnimationStatus.completed) {
        setState(() {
          _isKeyboardShowing = true;
        });
      } else if (status == AnimationStatus.dismissed) {
        setState(() {
          _isKeyboardShowing = false;
        });
      }
    });
  }

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _controller.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return Scaffold(
      resizeToAvoidBottomInset: false,
      appBar: AppBar(
        title: Text("Stack and SingleChildScrollView"),
      ),
      body: SingleChildScrollView(
        child: Stack(
          children: [
            Column(
              children: [
                Container(
                  height: 800,
                ),
                GestureDetector(
                  onTap: () {
                    FocusScope.of(context).requestFocus(FocusNode());
                  }
                  child: // input widget
                ),
              ],
            ),
            Positioned(
              bottom: _offset,
              left: 0,
              right: 0,
              child: Container(
                color: Colors.lightBlue,
                height: 140,
                child: Center(
                  child: GestureDetector(
                    onTap: () {
                      FocusScope.of(context).requestFocus(FocusNode());
                    },
                    child: Text(
                      "Input",
                      style: TextStyle(
                        fontSize: 30,
                        color: Colors.white,
                      ),
                    ),
                  ),
                ),
              ),
            )
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }

  void _handleFocusChange() {
    if (FocusScope.of(context).hasFocus != _isKeyboardShowing) {
      _isKeyboardShowing = FocusScope.of(context).hasFocus;
      _controller.animateTo(
          _isKeyboardShowing ? 1.0 : 0.0,
          duration: const Duration(milliseconds: 150),
          curve: Curves.linear);
    }
  }
}


五、小結
本文介紹了Flutter中實現鍵盤頂起底部的幾種方法，包括使用SingleChildScrollView、ListView、Stack以及結合方法。在使用這些方法時，我們需要考慮底部內容的特殊結構，確保鍵盤彈出時，底部內容不會被遮擋。希望本文能對您在Flutter開發中實現鍵盤頂起底部的需求提供幫助。

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Flutter鍵盤頂起底部